Fire Alarm Battery Calculator

Estimate standby battery capacity using quiescent load, alarm load, standby time and alarm duration.

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Free Fire Alarm Standby Battery Calculator

This fire alarm battery calculator helps estimate the minimum standby battery capacity required for a fire alarm control panel or associated power supply unit.

Enter the system quiescent current, alarm current, standby period and alarm duration. The calculator will estimate the required amp hour capacity and suggest the next common battery size.

Important: This calculator is for guidance only. Always check the fire alarm panel manufacturer’s instructions, charger capacity, battery enclosure limits, project specification and relevant standards. Final battery sizing should be confirmed by a competent person.

Calculate Fire Alarm Battery Size

Normal standby current drawn by the system when not in alarm.

Current drawn when alarm outputs, sounders, beacons and relevant devices are active.

Common values include 24 hours, 36 hours or 72 hours depending on the system and site requirements.

30 minutes is commonly used for fire alarm evacuation load calculations.

Default 1.25 allows for battery ageing and capacity reduction over time.

Default 1.75 allows for reduced battery efficiency under higher alarm load.

For a 24V panel using two 12V batteries in series, the Ah rating does not double. Two 12V 7Ah batteries in series = 24V 7Ah.

Optional. Enter the maximum battery size allowed by the panel manufacturer if known.

How This Fire Alarm Battery Calculation Works

The calculator estimates the required battery capacity using standby load, alarm load, standby period, alarm duration, an ageing factor and an alarm de-rating factor.

The calculation used is:

Cmin = Ageing Factor × ((Standby Hours × Standby Current A) + (Alarm De-rating × Alarm Current A × Alarm Hours))

Where:

Cmin
Minimum battery capacity in Ah
Standby Current
System load in normal condition
Alarm Current
Load during full alarm condition
Ageing Factor
Default 1.25
Alarm De-rating
Default 1.75
Alarm Hours
Alarm minutes divided by 60

Battery Sizing Notes for Fire Alarm Engineers

When sizing fire alarm batteries, the current figures should include the full load connected to the relevant panel or power supply. This may include detection circuits, sounder circuits, beacons, interfaces, communicators, remote indicators, network cards and any critical signalling equipment.

Always check whether additional power supply units have their own batteries. External PSUs used for sounders, signalling or critical path equipment should normally be assessed separately and matched to the required standby period.

The calculated battery capacity should be rounded up to the next suitable battery size, but the selected battery must also be compatible with the control panel charger, enclosure space, manufacturer limits and installation conditions.

Engineer reminder: Bigger batteries are not automatically acceptable. If the panel charger cannot recharge the battery correctly, or the enclosure is not suitable for that battery size, the installation may still be wrong.

Common Fire Alarm Battery Mistakes

Adding Series Batteries Incorrectly

Two 12V batteries in series increase voltage, not amp hour capacity. Two 12V 7Ah batteries give 24V 7Ah, not 14Ah.

Using Only Panel Quiescent Load

Alarm load must include active sounders, beacons, outputs and any equipment powered during alarm condition.

Forgetting External Power Supplies

Sounder PSUs, door release supplies, communicators and other critical equipment may need separate battery calculations.

Ignoring Charger Limits

If the calculated battery is larger than the panel manufacturer allows, a different approved power arrangement may be required.

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Fire Alarm Battery Calculator FAQs

What is quiescent current?

Quiescent current is the current drawn by the fire alarm system during normal standby operation when there is no active alarm condition.

What is alarm current?

Alarm current is the current drawn when the fire alarm system is in alarm and relevant sounders, visual alarm devices, outputs and interfaces are active.

Why does the calculator use an ageing factor?

The ageing factor allows for battery capacity reduction over time. A default value of 1.25 is commonly used to provide a margin for battery ageing.

Why does the calculator use an alarm de-rating factor?

The alarm de-rating factor allows for reduced effective battery performance under higher alarm load conditions. This calculator uses a default value of 1.75.

Can I install a larger battery than calculated?

Only if the battery is suitable for the panel, charger, enclosure and manufacturer’s instructions. A larger battery may not be acceptable if the panel cannot charge it correctly.

Does this calculator confirm BS 5839 compliance?

No. This calculator provides an estimate only. Fire alarm battery sizing should be confirmed by a competent person using the project requirements, manufacturer information and relevant standards.

Need Help With Fire Alarm Power Supplies?

If you need support with fire alarm commissioning, battery calculations, power supply faults, false alarms or system upgrades, PM Controls can help across Basildon, Essex and London.

Contact PM Controls

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